An undercover report is a form of *investigative journalism in which a journalist conceals their identity while secretly gathering information, often with a hidden camera. The purpose is to uncover evidence of corruption, unethical practices, or societal problems that the public has a right (and sometimes a need) to know.
A well-done undercover report can significantly shape public perception and prompt change, as illustrated by numerous cases of undercover work that have led to reforms like increased accountability and better protections for vulnerable populations. But it’s also a risky and complicated endeavor, presenting many ethical challenges for journalists.
The main considerations in deciding to go undercover are the cost-benefit analysis, a thorough risk assessment and the potential for blowback to your sources. “You’re asking a lot of your team,” Kroeger says, “and it can be emotionally and mentally exhausting.” The best approach is to conduct as much research as possible ahead of time, she adds—for example, by studying the data behind a specific safety issue that could prompt an undercover story.
Journalists should consult with outside advisers when deciding on an undercover project, including legal advice and a cost-benefit analysis. It’s crucial to have a plan for how the story will be used, including informing audiences upfront that they are hearing an undercover narrative. It is also a good idea to regularly debrief with trusted colleagues and editors, so that they can identify when their cover may be compromised and reassess the risks.