Investigative journalism is a specialized form of news reporting that involves in-depth research and extensive fact-checking. It is aimed at uncovering hidden truths and exposing corruption, misconduct, and injustice. Investigative journalists use public records and other sources of information to find evidence of wrongdoing.
To be effective in this role, an investigative journalist must be patient and persistent. The investigative process can take months or even years to complete. The key to success is pursuing leads, interviewing people in power and those who have been wronged, and adhering to ethical standards.
Like a jigsaw puzzle, an investigation starts with a jumble of pieces and slowly emerges as a picture. Good investigative reporters never let a clue escape them. They read the paper or watch TV, listen to conversations and rumour, and write down anything that could be useful later.
They also know that some people will try to stop them or sue them. They must be ready to fight for their rights and the right to report the truth.
Historically, investigative journalism has made a significant contribution to social justice and accountability. For example, the work of Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World reporter Elizabeth Seaman (known by her byline Nellie Bly) led to a grand jury investigation into the horrendous conditions at New York City’s Women’s Lunatic Asylum, which eventually improved funding for mental health treatment. If you’re interested in a career in this area, an undergraduate degree with a focus on communication, research, and writing can give you the tools you need to succeed.